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Stone-stacking by tourists as a "natural" disturbance

I've started picking up garbage when out hiking. Israel is bad for littering and there is a lot of garbage in parks and at trail heads. I saw an Ibex trying to eat some garbage and after that I picked up litter out on the trails. The parks and trails in the UK are pristine in comparison.

Throwing out litter is much worse than piling up stones and is perhaps another way to say "I was here".
 
Another article about stone stacking.

Stone-stacking as a looming threat to rock-dwelling biodiversity
This letter to the editor describes the surge of “photo-friendly” stacks of stones as an emerging tourism-associated threat to rock-dwelling biodiversity.
 
Interesting that such a wide range of researchers has collaborated to put out a paper on this, thanks for the post Pauline. I enjoyed and completely agree with the bottom line (I myself take apart stacks like these when I encounter them) :

"Stone-stacking in nature-sensitive areas likely reflects more a quest for social media-friendly photos than any cultural or spiritual beliefs. These structures can cause significant negative impacts in rock-dwelling organisms and, in turn, jeopardize the long-term persistence of many narrow-range endemics. We thus urge visitors to act responsibly and not construct these structures (“leave no trace” philosophy). Additionally, we encourage authorities to promptly dismantle any stacks of stones erected and to implement educational campaigns about the importance of surface rocks for rock-dwelling organisms and the negative consequences of stone-stacking for biodiversity ".
 
Ah, you have to subscribe to read it. Maybe you can copy it and post it here as long as that does not violate copyright laws.

I hate seeing those things. I believe no one should ever see any trace that you were there. And this includes carving initials in trees.

Now of course if some boulders fall on top of your hiking partner, you may move them and stack the stones in another place! :D
 
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Here is the article.

Out hiking? Here’s why you should leave those stones unstacked and those stacks untouched.

By Sunny Fitzgerald

August 27

Many national parks have reopened with pandemic safety protocols in place, and stir-crazy Americans have been hitting the trails. Since we’re all in the habit of not touching items in public to avoid spreading the coronavirus, it’s a good time to focus on some things we shouldn’t be touching in the wild: loose stones for piling on top of each other and existing rock structures.


Sometimes called cairns, these rock stacks can serve as critical trail markers, and some carry cultural significance, as well. Others are purely decorative, built by visitors who enjoy designing these towers in nature, often for the sake of sharing images of delicately balanced stones on social media. Besides the fact that it violates the Leave No Trace program’s ethos that should be honored by visitors to our national parks and other public lands, here’s why you should resist the urge to create a rock pile, during a pandemic or otherwise.


It's dangerous

Trail designers put a lot of thought into where and how they place way-marking cairns to safely keep people on the path, says Jake Case, a former National Park Service ranger, a Grand Canyon National Park guide and the managing editor at Territory Supply, a travel site. But rock stacks erected by trail users may have the opposite effect. “If a hiker ventures off-trail and builds cairns to mark their own route, that could lead others astray from the actual route,” he says. “You can very easily end up in dangerous places.”


Even Case, an experienced hiker and guide, has been misled on occasion by strangers’ rock stacks. While he says he always gets back on track, someone else might not be as lucky: They could lose time (and end up stuck out after nightfall) or fall from a cliff, for example, if not familiar with the terrain.


And, of course, if you build cairns to mark your own route, there’s no guarantee someone won’t move your stacks or build their own, which means you might also have trouble finding your way back.

Miki`ala Pescaia, a Native Hawaiian cultural practitioner and the chief of interpretation, education and volunteers at Kalaupapa National Historical Park on the island of Molokai, says this behavior can strain local resources. “We have such dynamic weather and terrain [in Hawaii]. . . . We’re so prone to landslides and flash floods, we’ve got steep cliffs,” she says. “Our emergency services frequently have to rescue hikers because they don’t stick to the trails.”


You should also consider the risk in reaching for stones in the wild; depending on where you are in the world, picking up a rock might mean putting your fingers in proximity to scorpions, snakes and other creatures that live or hide out there.


It's disruptive
 to the environment


Pescaia said that visitors “want to go where nobody else has gone before.” But heading off-trail, and leaving unofficial cairns that lead others to follow you, doesn’t just endanger humans, she says; it can put local plants, insects, animals and more at risk.
“

We’ve got birds nesting in [the rocks] and insects living under them. Some plants incubate in the crevices,” Pescaia says. “We have very fragile ecosystems here in Hawaii. Once you move those rocks around, you have the potential to kill endangered species.”


At Haleakala, a volcano and national park on Maui, park staff members sometimes build purposeful rock shelters to protect those species. So, Pescaia says, it’s frustrating when visitors move rocks or kick them over, exposing the seedlings of rare and endangered species such as the Haleakala silversword.


When rocks are relocated, this also can destabilize the soil and make the area vulnerable to erosion. In the case of removing rocks from rivers and other water bodies, you may be disrupting aquatic habitats and, in extreme cases, could even be affecting the natural flow.

It destroys
 cultural significance


In some cases, Pescaia says, removing rocks from existing cairns disrupts cultural knowledge and traditions. “

There are so many different rock structures, and they’re very specific in function,” she says. “

To the untrained eye, they may look similar, but they’re not.”


In Hawaii, Pescaia says, rock structures of various sizes and configurations are dedicated to fishing, farming, offerings, medicine and navigation, for example. “There are a number of people living in Hawaii that rely on that information and the function of the stones,” she says.


In some cultures, cairns also can indicate burial sites, says Matthew Nelson, an archaeologist, outdoor educator and the executive director of the Arizona Trail Association. “Can you imagine what it would feel like if you and your family went to the graveyard to visit one of your ancestors and somebody had kicked over the headstone?”


Len Necefer, assistant professor of American Indian studies at the University of Arizona and a member of the Navajo Nation, says that some cultures also use rock structures to denote sacred or historical spots, and this varies from tribe to tribe.
So, err on the side of respect. “Don’t move rocks, don’t touch them, don’t remove them from [existing] structures, and don’t build new structures,” Pescaia says.

It intrudes
 on others' experience


For some people, constructing stone stacks is a meditative practice or photo opportunity. But what you might not realize is the next person who stumbles on your creation may feel differently. “

We use the outdoors as a way to escape. We’re out there to get away from society, cars, electricity . . . all the systems we’ve built,” Nelson says. “

So for people that are seeking deep, solo, wilderness experiences, [seeing man-made cairns] snaps them out of that.”


In Acadia National Park, stone stacking has become such an issue that staff members have had to undo thousands of unofficial ornamental cairns in recent years. They continue to ask visitors — through educational signage and materials — to respect the park and the official trail-marking cairns and to resist the desire to design any rock “art.”


Arbitrarily building these types of rock piles with no regard for official or cultural purposes or environmental issues is “almost like graffiti,” Pescaia says. It announces, “I was here,” just without the spray paint.


It can easily be avoided


Rather than making your mark on the natural environment, aim for the opposite. “So many of the recreation trails that we use today were traditional footpaths,” Nelson says. “Chances are, you’re walking in somebody else’s footsteps,” yet you aren’t bombarded with signs that they were there [beyond the actual path], and you should ensure the same is true for those who come after you. Follow Leave No Trace principles, and, Nelson says, consider “how you can move across the landscape in a thoughtful way so that thousands of years from now, there is no direct sign that you were there.”


One way to ensure you won’t need to build rock stacks for navigation is to be prepared, Case says. “Almost everybody has GPS capabilities on their phones, but you can’t rely on the phone to stay fully charged or [that you will] maintain service. So, you should bring a map and a compass and know how to use them. That way, you’re not reliant on leaving rock stacks in order to get back.” You can also consider hiring a local guide if navigation is a concern for you or if you’re keen to learn more about the cultural and historical context of the lands you’re traversing.


If you come across places where a navigational resource is insufficient or it seems signage or official cairns are needed, notify the land management organization so they can address the issue. In some situations, such as washes where a riverbed crosses a trail to make the route unclear, Nelson says there are approved places for building cairns.


If you have a desire to create while connecting with nature, Case recommends bringing paper and a pencil rather than reaching for rocks to stack: “You can sketch the landscape or whatever else inspires you instead of using your creativity on the landscape.”


Of course, you can also get creative with photography, for example, without touching or disrupting the environment. “Using a digital platform to preserve an experience is better than taking a rock or building or rearranging something” in the natural landscape, Nelson says.


And for those who find rock stacking therapeutic, Nelson suggests saving that activity for your own yard or a city park rather than wild areas. “There are places — including national scenic trails and national parks — that have been designated as having significant natural and cultural resource value,” he says. “It’s our opportunity and responsibility to protect those in perpetuity and keep them in the most wild and primitive state that we possibly can.”


Fitzgerald is a writer based in Hawaii. Her website is thisissunny.com.
 
Wow, that photo by Kathy (hi Kathy) of stone piles at Fort Buoux is a real shock. I was there in 2017 and not a sign of them then. If I get there again in 2024, as I plan to, I will spend as much time as possible knocking them down.
If you think about it, they are indeed meaningless to all except the person(s) who put them there. Selfish and idiotic. IMHO
 
I've started picking up garbage when out hiking. Israel is bad for littering and there is a lot of garbage in parks and at trail heads. I saw an Ibex trying to eat some garbage and after that I picked up litter out on the trails. The parks and trails in the UK are pristine in comparison.

Throwing out litter is much worse than piling up stones and is perhaps another way to say "I was here".
Yes Pauline, it may be a way to say "I was here". But who was here? And why does the rest of society need to know? Since it isn't identifiable as belonging to you (the person who did it), why do it. A photo of the pristine area says "You were here" without destroying the beauty of a place.
It is meaningless Graffiti in another form and something we don't need. Again IMHO
 
While rock stacking can initially seem aesthetically pleasing, I've become less impressed as I now see it frequently in many outdoor areas. While some may enjoy stone stacking as an art form, there are other outlets that don't potentially impact the environment as much. Or one could simply let nature be without feeling an urge to change it or leave one's mark. Perhaps it's best to appreciate the untarnished beauty that already exists in the natural world.
 

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